A MACHINE IS A DEVICE FOR INCREASING FORCES OR CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF A FORCE.

• LEVERS
  • HELP TO LIFT LOADS WITH LESS EFFORT. THE FORCE NEEDED FOR LIFTING DECREASES AS THE DISTANCE OF THE EFFORT ARM INCREASES.
    • WHEELS AND AXELS ARE TURNING LEVERS.
      • GEARS ARE TOOTHED WHEELS.
      • GEARS CAN BE USED TO TRANSFER FORCES FROM ONE PART OF A MACHINE TO ANOTHER.

   

• PULLEYS
  • CAN BE USED TO INCREASE FORCE AND/OR CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF THE FORCE.
  • THE EFFORT NEEDED TO RAISE THE LOAD DEPENDS UPON THE NUMBER OF LINES OF SUPPORT THE PULLEY SYSTEM CONTAINS.

   

   

• INCLINED PLANES
  • ARE FLAT SLOPING SURFACES OVER WHICH OBJECTS CAN BE PUSHED OR PULLED TO RAISE THEM TO A HIGHER LEVEL.
  • CAN BE USED TO RAISE OBJECTS WITH LESS FORCE THAN A STRAIGHT LIFT.
    • WEDGES ARE TWO INCLINED PLANES PLACED BACK TO BACK.
    • SCREWS ARE INCLINED PLANES THAT ARE WRAPPED AROUND A SHAFT.

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