During the development of Stirling engines for space applications, a number of grants and contracts were established for the purpose of improving the characterization of Stirling engine thermodynamic losses and improving Stirling code accuracy. The references in the bibliography shown below report on work that was done under these efforts

Note: This bibliography is centered around the NASA supported work. However, it also includes papers written or supervised by NASA supported principal investigators, when they were not supported by NASA. The bibliography is divided into sections that correspond to the grant and/or the principal investigator who did or supervised the work. The bibliography was compiled by Roy Tew (tew@grc.nasa.gov) and Steve Geng (segeng@grc.nasa.gov) of NASA Glenn Research Center - who were the technical monitors for this work.

Loss Research and Code Development Bibliography

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant # NAG 3-598, "Investigation of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer in Oscillating Flow", Principal Investigator--Terry Simon, U. of Minnesota

1. Qui, Songgang and Simon, Terrence W., "Measurements of Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics within an Oscillatory Flow in a Pipe", Prepared for Presentation at the Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME, 1994
2. Simon, T.W., Ibrahim, M., Kannapareddy, M., Johnson, T., Friedman, G., 1992, "Transition of Oscillatory Flow in Tubes: An Empirical Model for Application to Stirling Engines", Proceedings of 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, August 3-7, 1992
3. Qui, S., Simon, T.W., 1992, "Visualization of Entry Flow Separation for Oscillating Flow in Tubes", Proceedings of 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, August 3-7, 1992
4. Seume, J., Friedman, G., Simon, T.W., 1992, "Fluid Mechanics Experiments in Oscillatory Flow, Volume I - Report", NASA CR 189127
5. Seume, J., Friedman, G., Simon, T.W., 1992, "Fluid Mechanics Experiments in Oscillatory Flow, Volume II - Tabulated Data", NASA CR 189128
6. Friedman, G.T., 1991, "Experimental Investigation of Fluid Mechanics in Oscillating Flow: A Detailed Study at a SIngle Operation Point", Master's Thesis, U. of Minnesota
7. Seume, J. R., 1988, "An Experimental Investigation of Transition in Oscillating Pipe Flow", Ph. D. Thesis, U. of Minnesota
8. Seume, J. R., Simon, T.W., 1988, "Effect of Transition on Oscillation Flow Losses in Stirling Engine Coolers and Heaters", Proceedings of 23rd IECEC, New York, ASME
9. Seume, J. R., Goldberg, L.F., Simon, T.W., 1987, "Description of an Oscillating Flow Test Program", Proceedings of 22nd IECEC, pp 1753-1758, New York, AIAA
10. Seume, J. R., Simon, T.W., 1987, "Flow Oscillation Effects in Tubes and Porous Material: Unresolved Issues", In: Morel, T.E., Dudenhoefer, J.E., Uxkan, T., Singh, P.J. (eds.): Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Machinery. Proceedings, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, FED-Vol. 62, HTD-VOL. 93, pp. 55-62, New York, ASME
11. Simon. T.W., Seume, J.R., 1988, "A Survey of Oscillating Flow in Stirling Engine Heat Exchangers", NASA CR-189127
12. Seume, J.R., Simon, T.W., 1986, "Oscillating Flow in Stirling Engine Heat Exchangers", Proceedings of 21st IECEC, pp. 533-538, Washington, American Chemical Society
     

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant #NAG 3-1024, "Numerical Prediction of the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Transitional and Turbulent Oscillatory Flows", Principal Investigator--Suhas Patankar, U. of Minnesota.

1. Oseid, Kirk LeRoi, 1993, "Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Oscillating Flow and Heat Transfer in Pipes with Various End Geometries", Ph. D. Thesis, U. of Minnesota
2. Koehler, W.J., Patankar, S.V., Ibele, W.E., 1991, "Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Oscillating Flow and Associated Heat Transfer", NASA CR-197177
3. Koehler, W.J., 1990, "On the Heat Transfer in Oscillatory Flow - A Numerical Study", Ph. D. Thesis, U. of Minnesota
4. Patankar, S.V., Koehler, W.J. Ibele, W.E., 1990, "Numerical Prediction of Turbulent Oscillating Flow in a Circular Pipe", Proceedings of the 25th IECEC, pp. 398-406, New York, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
    

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant# NAG 3-693, "One and Two-Dimensional Stirling Machine Simulation Using Experimentally Generated Reversing Flow Correlations", and Service Contract # C-22742-P, Principal Investigator--Louis Goldberg, U. of Minnesota.

1. Goldberg, L.F., 1992, "An Investigation of the Information Propagation and Entropy Transport Aspects of Stirling Machine Simulation", NASA CR 189143
2. Goldberg, L.F., 1990, "One- and Two-Dimensional Stirling Machine Simulation Using Experimentally Generated Reversing Flow Turbulence Models", NASA CR-185285
3. Goldberg, L.F., 1987, "The Simulated Systems Impact of Two-Dimensional Oscillating Flows in a Stirling Machine Heat Exchanger", In: Morel, T.E., Dudenhoefer, J.E., UXkan, T., Singh, P.J. (eds.): Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Machinery. Proceedings, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, FED-Vol. 62, HTD-VOL. 93, pp. 63-68, New York, ASME
    

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant # NAG 3-1076, "Heat Transfer with Combined Oscillating Pressure and Oscillating Flow", Principal Investigators--Joseph L. Smith, Jr. and John H. Lienhard V, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Part of this work was also supported by a companion Department of Energy Grant.

1. Dean, Charles E., Grassmyer, William A., Smith, Joseph L., Jr., Lienhard, John H. V, 1993, "Experiments on Heat Transfer under Conditions of Oscillating Pressure and Flow", Presented at the 1993 Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME (Session on Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Machinery)
2. Dean, Charles Edwin, 1993, "Establishing Baseline Data for an Experimental Apparatus that Measures Heat Transfer under Conditions of Oscillating Pressure and Flow", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Master's Thesis
3. Tziranis, Alexander Konstantinos, 1992, "Temperature, Heat Flux, and Velocity Measurements in Oscillating Flows with Pressure Variations", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Master's Thesis
4. Smith, J. L. Jr., Lienhard, J. H., Tziranis, A. K., 1992, "M. I. T. Stirling Cycle Heat Transfer Apparatus", Proceedings of the 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, August 3-7, 1992
5. Smith, J. L. Jr., Romm, M. 1992, "Thermodynamic Loss at Component Interfaces in Stirling Cycles", Proceedings of the 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, August 3-7, 1992
    

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gas Spring, Stirling Machine Research (Not Supported by NASA), Principal Investigator--Joseph L. Smith, Jr.

1. Jeong, E.S., 1991, "Heat Transfer with Oscillating Pressure in Reciprocating Machinery", Ph. D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2. Yagyu, S., Smith, J. L. Jr., 1991, "A Study of Gas Spring Heat Transfer for Non-Sinusoidal Piston Motion"
3. Wang, A.C., Smith, J. L. Jr, 1990, "The Importance of Anchoring Cylinder Wall Temperature in Stirling Cryocoolers", Proceedings of the 25th IECEC, Vol, 5, pp. 386-391
4. Kornhauser, A. A., 1989, "Gas-Wall Heat Transfer During Compression and Expansion", Ph. D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5. Kornhauser, A. A., 1989, "Heat Transfer with Oscillating Pressure and Oscillating Flow", Proceedings of the 24th IECEC pp. 2347-2353, IEEE
6. Kornhauser, A. A., 1988, "Application of a Complex Nusselt Number to Heat Transfer During Compression and Expansion", In: On Flows in Internal Combustion Engines, ASME, pp. 1-8
7. Wang, C. W., 1988, "Evaluation of Gas Spring Hysteresis Losses in Stirling Cryocoolers", Master's Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8. Chafe, J. N., 1988, "Evaluation of Gas Spring Hysteresis Losses in Stirling Cryocoolers", Ph. D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
9. Kornhauser, A. A. and Smith, J. L. Jr., 1987, "A Comparison of Cylinder Heat Transfer Expressions Based on Prediction of Gas Spring Hysteresis Loss", In: Morel, T.E., Dudenhoefer, J.E., Uxkan, T., Singh, P.J. (eds.): Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Reciprocating Machinery. Proceedings, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, FED-Vol. 62, HTD-VOL. 93, pp. 89-96, New York, ASME
10. Faulkner, H. G., Smith, J. L. Jr., 1984, "The T-S Diagram as an Indicator of Instantaneous Wall-to-Gas Heat Transfer Driven by a Quasi-Static Periodic Gas Pressure", ASME Paper No. 84-WA/HT-45, 1984.
11. Lee, K. P., 1983, "A Simplistic Model of Cyclic Heat Transfer Phenomena in Closed Spaces", Proceedings of the 18th IECEC, pp. 720-723, IEEE.

    Note: There are also other papers and theses that report on gas spring and cylinder heat transfer research at MIT
     

Papers and Reports by David Gedeon. Some of this work was supported by NASA and some was not.

1. Gedeon., 1992, "Advection-Driven vs Compression-Driven Heat Transfer", Prepared for NASA Glenn Research Center under Purchase Order C-23433, Task 2.
2. Gedeon, D., 1990, "GLIMPS Version 3.0 User's Manual," Gedeon Associates, 16922 South Canaan Road, Athens, OH 45701
3. Gedeon, D., 1989, "A Cylinder Heat Transfer Model," Private Communication to NASA (Memorandum).
4. Gedeon, D., 1989, "Manifest: A Computer Program for 2-D Flow Modeling in Stirling Machines," NASA CR-182290
5. Gedeon, D., 1986, "Mean-Parameter Modeling of Oscillating Flow," J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 108, pp. 513-518
6. Gedeon, D., 1986, "A Globally-Implicit Stirling Cycle Simulation," Proceedings of the 21st IECEC, Vol. 1, pp. 550-556, American Chemical Society.
7. Gedeon, D., 1985, "Computational Techniques for the Two-Dimensional Gasdynamic Equations in Stirling Engine Regenerators and Associated Manifolds," Proceedings of the 20th IECEC, 3.354-3.359, Society of Automotive Engineers.
    

Sunpower, Inc. Oscillating Flow Rig Reports on Tubular and Regenerator Viscous Losses. This rig was constructed and the experimental research was done under NASA Phase I and II Small Business Innovation Research Contracts. Gary Wood was the principal investigator who designed and built the rig and started the experimental work. David Gedeon was responsible for the data analysis work. The work was monitored by Lanny Thieme of NASA.

1. Koester, G., Howell, S., Wood, G., Miller, E., Gedeon, D., 1990, "Oscillating Flow Loss Test Results in Stirling Engine Heat Exchangers," NASA CR-182288
2. Wood, J. G., Miller, E. L., Gedeon, D. R., Koester, G.E., 1988, "Description of an Oscillating Flow Pressure Drop Test Rig," NASA TM-100905.
    

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant # NAG 3-1285, "Heat Transfer Measurements for Stirling Machine Cylinders," Principal Investigator--Dr. Alan Kornhauser, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and other recent papers by Kornhauser (Dr. Kornhauser did his Ph. D. research on gas springs with Dr. Joseph Smith at MIT).

1. Kornhauser, A. A., Kafka, B. C., Finkbeiner, D. L., and Cantelmi, F. C., 1994, "Heat Transfer Measurements for Stirling Machine Cylinders," Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Final Report for NASA Grant NAG 3-1285.
2. Kafka, B. C. and Kornhauser, A. A., 1994, Measurements of In-Cylinder Heat Transfer with Inflow-Produced Turbulence," 29th IECEC, Monterey, CA
3. Kornhauser, A. A., 1992, "A Model of In-Cylinder Heat Transfer with Inflow-Produced Turbulence," Proceedings of the 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, Society of Automotive Engineers.
    

The following two papers are reports on gas springs, written after Dr. Kornhauser accepted a position at Virginia Polytechnic Institute.

1. Kornhauser, A. A., 1991, "Dynamic Modeling of Gas Springs," Proceedings of 26th IECEC, Vol, 5, pp. 176-179.
2. Kornhauser, A. A., Smith, J. L. Jr., 1991, "The Effects of Heat Transfer on Gas Spring Performance, " Proceedings of 26th IECEC, Vol, 5, pp. 180-185.
    

Note: For Dr. Kornhauser's Ph. D. Thesis and other papers on gas spring research look under MIT gas spring research papers.

Papers reporting on work done under NASA Grant # NAG 3-955, "Development of Multi-Dimensional Models of Stirling Engine Components," Principal Investigator--Mounir Ibrahim. Cleveland State University (The Fund for Independent Aeronautics Research also supplied additional funds under NASA Grant # 3-971 to support graduate student research).

1. Ibrahim, M., Bauer, C., Simon, T. W., and Qui, S., 1994, "Modeling of Oscillatory Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Channel Flows in Heat Transfer," 10th International Heat Transfer Conference, Brighton, England.
2. Bauer, C., 1993, "Low-Reynolds No. k-e and Empirical Transition Models for Oscillatory Pipe Flow and Heat Transfer,", Master's Thesis, Cleveland State University.
3. Ahn, K. H., Ibrahim, M. B., 1992, "Laminar/Turbulent Oscillating Flow in Circular Pipes," International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 13, pp 340-346.
4. Hashim, W., 1992, "Effect of Flow Oscillations on Friction Factor and Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Channel with Sudden Change in Cross Section," Master's Thesis, Cleveland State University.
5. Kwan, C., 1992, "Compressibility Effects on Periodic Unsteady Flows,", Master's Thesis, Cleveland State University.
6. Ibrahim, M. B., Hashim, W., Tew, R. C., Dudenhoefer, J. E., 1992, "Heat Transfer in Oscillating Flows with Sudden Change in Cross Section," Proceedings of 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA, Society of Automotive Engineers
7. Ibrahim, M. B., Mankbadi, R. R., Ahn, K., 1992, "Evaluation of Turbulence Models in Unsteady Flows,", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference for Fluid Mechanics, Alexandria, Egypt.
8. Ibrahim, M. B., Kannapareddy, M., Tew, R. C., Dudenhoefer, J. E., 1991, "Instantaneous Heat Transfer Coefficient Based Upon Two-Dimensional Analyses for Stirling Space Engine Components," Proceedings of the 26th IECEC, Vol. 6, pp. 149-159, Boston, MA, American Nuclear Society.
9. Ibrahim, M. B., Kwan, C. F., 1991, "Prediction for Hydrodynamically and Thermally Developing Pulsatile Flows," Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Heat Transfer, Vol. 4, pp. 1570-1581, Sydney, Australia.
10. Ahn, K. H., Ibrahim, M. B., 1991, "A 2-D Oscillating Flow Analysis in Stirling Engine Heat Exchangers," Joint ASME-JSME Fluids Engineering Conference, FED-Vol. 113, pp. 159-164, Portland, OR.
11. Kalaani, L, K., Geng. S., Ibrahim, M. B., 1990, "Stirling Engine Code Validation for RE-1000 Free-Piston Stirling Engine," First AIAA Mini-Symposium on Aerospace Technology in Northern Ohio, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH.
12. Ibrahim, M. B., Tew, R. C., Dudenhoefer, J. E., 1990, "Further Two-Dimensional Code Development for Stirling Space Engine Components," Proceedings of the 25th IECEC, Vol. 6, pp. 329-335, Reno, Nevada, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
13. Ibrahim, M. B., Tew, R. C., Dudenhoefer, J. E., 1989, "Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of a Stirling Engine Heat Exchanger," Proceedings of the 24th IECEC, Vol. 6, pp. 2795-2802, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
14. Ibrahim, M. B., Hashim, W., 1992, "Oscillating Flow in Channels with Sudden Change in Cross Section," (Submitted for publication to Computers and Fluids, An International Journal).
     

Reports prepared under NASA Contract # NAS3-25330, "Harmonic Code Contract," Principal Investigator--Dr. Shyan Huang, Mechanical Technology, Inc.

1. Huang, S. C., 1992, "HFAST, A Harmonic Analysis Program for Stirling Cycles," Proceedings of the 27th IECEC, San Diego, CA
2. Huang, S. C., 1991, "Comparison of HFAST Predictions of CTE and SPRE Engines, Using Steady-State Transition Model and Convective Triggered Turbulence Model," Private Communication (Memorandum) to Roy Tew at NASA Glenn.
    

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